There are three types of democratic republic governance forms: presidential system, where executive and legislative branches are elected by people, without any responsibility to each other; parliamentary system, where legislative branch or even more head of the state are elected by people, but government takes responsibility before parliament, semi-presidential system, which consists of the mixed properties of these two forms of government. Transition of these systems, particularly between presidential and parliamentary government forms, is one of the topical issues of recent times. The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the presidential government applied on the proposal of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) with US sample. The aim of the study is to analyse the main features of this form of government in Turkey in the context of US government system and to demonstrate its results in terms of democracy. In this context, firstly the principles of the Turkish and US presidential administration forms had been examined based on constitutions, and then the comparative analysis had been conducted and probable results had been put forward. It is still unclear for many people what to expect from the so-called ‘Turkish type of presidential system’. This analysis was based on the study of the sources related to the subject, the analysis of the results obtained, the analysis and synthesis of the arguments, and also the comparative analysis method.
Müəllif :
Zuriya Garayeva
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
The present article covers a research on legal status of legal entities as subjects of entrepreneurial activity with a brief historical observation of theories on judicial nature of legal entities. Based on the research the author comes to the conclusion that enterprises in Azerbaijan are not independent legal categories. Also it is proposed to make necessary changes in the legislation according to which the enterprise will be perceived neither as the subject of law, nor as a real estate. The author offers his own version of “enterprise” term definition. It is proposed to add to the legislation a common norm along the lines of: “Parties are entitled to enter contracts with enterprises as property complexes in subject. By the will of parties any kind of property can be part of such an enterprise. In this case facilities that form such an enterprise must respond the purposes of this enterprise and must be transferred in condition suitable for these purposes.”
Müəllif :
Aysel Abbasli
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
The principle of proportionality is the most important criterion for assessing the legitimacy and lawfulness of the limitation of human rights. Despite the lack of a contractual framework, through the practice of international monitoring bodies, especially the European Court of Human Rights, the principle of proportionality has become one of the key principles of the international legal protection of human rights. The principle of proportionality sets the limits for state intervention in the exercise by individuals of their fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed by international treaties, determining the relationship between the state and civil society. The principle of proportionality is an important means of control realized by the Strasbourg Court in a concrete and thorough manner with the aim of ensuring an equitable balance between the legitimate aim of the limitation and the guaranteed rights of the individual. It is necessary to consider the principle of proportionality of the limitations of the rights and freedoms of citizens on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of such concepts as necessity, legality, goals, limits, scope, methods and duration of limitation.
Müəllif :
Mehdi Abdullayev
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
The article is dedicated to the phenomenon of diplomatic protection which may arise from the injured rights of a natural or legal person on the territory of another state. The historical context of occurrence of diplomatic protection and general approach to this institute which is shown both in doctrine and international legal practice are examined. Author refers to several judgments held by the International Court of Justice in order to describe the tendency concerning the application of diplomatic protection in practice. This has been examined on cases concerning the protection of natural persons and legal persons separately. The role of diplomatic protection in the settlement of international investment disputes of diagonal character was studied.
Müəllif :
Amir Aliyev, Mamed Chiragli
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of self-determination of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. The aspirations of the peoples of Abkhazia and South Ossetia are shown here, the provisions of national legislation, the norms of International law are analyzed. Established provisions in which young state-like entities can receive the legal right to self-determination, the role of referendums on self-determination, as well as the recognition of such new states in accordance with international law are noted. The article shows the historical chronicle of selfdetermination of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
Müəllif :
Gulu Novruzov
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
The article analyzes the provisions of the new Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea in 2018. It shows all the new novels, which are the fruit of more than 20 negotiations of representatives of the presidents of the Caspian States. The article identifies all the positive aspects of the Convention, as well as its shortcomings. The author, in General, positively assessed the efforts of the Caspian States to coordinate the "Constitution" of the Caspian sea, indicated that its adoption will have a charitable value in the life of the States surrounding the Caspian sea.
Müəllif :
Rustam F. Mammadov
Nəşr tarixi : 2019
: Ölkəmiz də daxil olmaqla dünya praktikasında cinayət törətmiş və buna görə cəza təyin olunmuş şəxslər cəzanı çəkib bitirdikdən sonra belə onlar barəsində müəyyən məhdudiyyətlərin qalmasına rast gəlinir. Qanunvericiliyimizdə məhkumluğun ödənilməsi kimi adlandırılan bu instituta ehtiyacın olması daim bir qədər sual doğurmuşdur. Bu gün də bu institut mübahisə predmeti kimi qalmaqda davam etsə də, geniş tətbiq olunur və müxtəlif hüquqi və qeyri-hüquqi nəticələr doğurur. Bu məqalədə məhkumluq və onun ödənilməsi ilə bağlı müxtəlif fikirlər, yanaşma və nəzəriyyələrdən bəhs olunur, onun mövcudluğunun müsbət və mənfi nəticələri təhlil edilir və həm daha fərqli, həm də daha səmərəli tətbiqi üçün fikirlər irəli sürülməyə çalışılır.
Müəllif :
Yəhya Abdullalı, Nihad Məlikov
Nəşr tarixi : 2024
: The right to a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment as a human right is not new to legal scholarship or the international community. This area is dynamically evolving and new challenges to the protection of environmental rights are emerging. Adoption of a new additional protocol to the European Convention of Human Rights on the right to a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is considered the most effective way to protect environmental rights and ensure a unified approach to combating the environmental crisis from a human rights perspective. However, this approach forces us to analyse the notions of margin of appreciation, victim status, and positive obligations of states once again. New challenges questioning such an anthropocentric approach, the limits of positive obligations, and the margin of appreciation may arise even upon the adoption of the protocol. The economic and financial status of states may vary and this may negatively affect protocol implementation. The uncertainty that arises in defining the boundaries of such obligations under the protection of environmental rights is especially concerning. In terms of positive obligations, the European Court of Human Rights Court tends to allow a certain margin of appreciation to contracting parties in this area of legal protection. Nevertheless, in light of the recent decision regarding climate change, the protocol is not guaranteed to provide an adequate response to the problem. The desire to be at the forefront of the fight against environmental pollution and climate change has further pushed the Court to take unconventional decisions that differ from previous case law. This article discusses the need to adopt an additional protocol; it focuses on the role of the protocol in defining the Court’s renewed approach to the margin of appreciation and the scope of states’ obligations under the Convention.
Müəllif :
Gulnaz Alasgarova
Nəşr tarixi : 2024
Анализируются основные характеристики принципа субсидиарности и его соотношения с другими, наиболее близкими конституционными принципами (пропорциональности и единства государственной власти). Исследование подтвердило актуальность и значимость этих принципов как в доктринальном, так и в практическом контексте. Констатировано, что принцип субсидиарности, изначально возникший в частноправовой сфере, успешно адаптируется к публичному праву, становясь важным инструментом распределения полномочий между различными уровнями публичной власти. Его применение способствует обеспечению более эффективного удовлетворения потребностей населения за счет децентрализации и передачи полномочий на максимально близкий к получателям административных услуг уровень публичного управления. Продемонстрировано, что конституционно-правовое содержание принципа субсидиарности в каждом государстве зависит от тех международных обязательств, которые взяла на себя страна. Исследование принципа субсидиарности способствует не только развитию теории конституционного права, но и укреплению правопорядка, политической стабильности и доверия граждан к органам публичной власти. Его успешная реализация на практике – это основа для создания эффективной системы публичного управления, ориентированной на защиту прав и свобод человека, а также на достижение целей устойчивого развития государства и общества.
Müəllif :
Халилов А.И.
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
Предмет. Цифровое пространство, как ресурс для самовыражения и получения знаний, так и потенциальная среда повышенного риска, затрагивающая права и интересы несовершеннолетних, и, как следствие, зафиксированный рост числа правонарушений в онлайн-среде. В связи с этим возрастает необходимость в формировании и совершенствовании правовых механизмов, обеспечивающих защиту детей в условиях цифровизации. Цель. Настоящее научное исследование представляет комплексный анализ правовых подходов, направленных на обеспечение безопасности несовершеннолетних в онлайн-среде. Методологическая основа. Использованы общенаучные методы (анализ, синтез международных и национальных нормативно-правовых актов, научной литературы, а также контент-анализ актуальных источников) и специальные юридические методы (сравнительноправовой анализ нормативных правовых актов и научных публикаций по теме), формальноюридический метод. Результаты. В ходе научного исследования рассмотрено влияние интернета на развитие и поведение несовершеннолетних, классифицированы основные риски, возникающие в онлайн-пространстве. Выводы. Дана правовая оценка существующим механизмам защиты детей как на национальном, так и на международном уровнях. Сформулированы предложения по созданию более эффективной системы правового регулирования в данной области.
Müəllif :
Исмаилова Э.В., Фурман Т. Г.
Nəşr tarixi : 2025
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